ISCHEMIC STROKE: CURRENT PERSPECTIVES ON RISK FACTORS, DIAGNOSIS, AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, accounting for approximately 80–85% of all stroke cases. It occurs when cerebral blood flow is interrupted due to arterial occlusion, resulting in oxygen deprivation and irreversible neuronal damage if reperfusion is not achieved promptly. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, ischemic stroke continues to impose a substantial burden on healthcare systems and society. The increasing prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, atrial fibrillation, and sedentary lifestyles contributes significantly to its incidence. Recent developments in neuroimaging, thrombolytic therapy, mechanical thrombectomy, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation have considerably improved patient outcomes when implemented in a timely manner. This article reviews the current understanding of ischemic stroke by examining its epidemiology, major risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and evidence-based treatment strategies. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of preventive measures and integrated healthcare interventions aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality associated with this neurological emergency