“IMPACT OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF VARIOUS CROPS”

Abstract

This study examines the role of mineral fertilizers in the growth, development, yield, and quality of various field crops. The effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), applied individually and in combination (NPK system), were evaluated on plant morphological and physiological traits. Results showed that nitrogen enhanced vegetative growth, phosphorus promoted root development and generative organ formation, and potassium increased stress tolerance. Fertilizer application also improved soil agrochemical properties, including humus content, nutrient balance, and fertility. Properly managed fertilization increased crop yield by 20–40 % and improved product quality, while excessive use posed risks such as soil salinization, ecological imbalance, and nitrate accumulation. The findings highlight the need for crop- and site-specific fertilization strategies to optimize productivity and sustainability.