CLINICAL SIGNS AND DIAGNOSIS OF EXTERNAL GENITAL ENDOMETRIOSIS

Abstract

External genital endometriosis is a rare manifestation of endometriotic lesions
occurring outside the uterine cavity, specifically on the vulva, perineum, and other
external genital structures. Although less common than pelvic endometriosis, this
condition poses a diagnostic challenge due to its non-specific clinical presentation.
Common symptoms include cyclic pain, localized swelling, dyschezia, and in some
cases, the presence of bluish nodules or cystic masses. The condition often mimics
other dermatologic or infectious diseases, leading to delayed or misdiagnosis.
Diagnosis relies on a thorough clinical history, gynecological examination, imaging
techniques such as ultrasonography and MRI, and histopathological confirmation via
biopsy. Early identification and differentiation from other vulvar disorders are crucial
to prevent complications and offer effective treatment options, including hormonal
therapy and surgical excision. This paper reviews the typical clinical signs, diagnostic
pathways, and challenges in identifying external genital endometriosis