PATHOGENESIS AND THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF EXTERNAL GENITAL ENDOMETRIOSIS

Abstract

External genital endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition
characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity,
primarily affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the peritoneum. The pathogenesis
of external genital endometriosis remains complex and multifactorial, involving
hormonal, immunological, genetic, and environmental factors. Various theories have
been proposed to explain its development, including retrograde menstruation,
coelomic metaplasia, stem cell differentiation, and lymphatic or hematogenous
spread. While the theory of retrograde menstruation remains the most widely
accepted, it does not fully account for all clinical cases, suggesting that a combination
of mechanisms may be at play. This review explores the current understanding of the
pathogenesis and major theories of development of external genital endometriosis,
highlighting the need for further research to clarify the underlying biological
mechanisms and improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.